Integrated control of Ephestia cautella (Walker) in a confectionary factory

In a confectionary factory, integrated pest-management techniques were used for 12 months. Ephestia cautella is the major pest in this industry. Its presence was monitored using pheromone traps and water traps. The most critical areas were identified and water traps were better at identifying these areas than pheromone traps. Intensive cleaning and structural improvements were carried out when necessary. Water traps have been used as a mass trapping system because they catch both males and females. Catches in water traps showed a decrease in population density after 8-9 months. In a confined area, a mating disruption system was applied to interfere with moth mating. Most females caught with water traps were mated, although in the area where mating disruption was applied, the percentage of unmated females was higher compared with areas where mating disruption was not used

Three cases of cutaneous myiasis caused by Cordylobia rodhaini

Cordylobia sp. is a fly belonging to the Calliphoridae family. Three species of Cordylobia are known: C. anthropophaga, C. rodhaini and C. ruandae. The C. rodhaini Gedoelst 1909 lives in Sub-Saharan Africa, especially in rain forest areas. Usual hosts are rodents and antelopes. Humans are accidentally infested. Myiasis caused by C. rodhaini has been very rarely reported in the literature. We present three cases of C. rodhaini myiasis acquired in Ethiopia and Uganda

EXCHANGE COUPLING AND MAGNETIZATION PROFILES OF BINARY AND TERNARY MAGNETIC MULTILAYERS

Within a spin-polarized LMTO approach in the atomic-sphere approximation we calculate ab initio the magnetic properties of various binary and ternary multilayers composed of Fe, Co, Ni, Cr, V and Cu. The emphasis lies on the indirect exchange interaction of the magnetic sandwiches across the antiferromagnetic or non-magnetic spacers, and on the profiles of the intrinsic resp. induced magnetic moments. Among other results we find (i) that Ni is very sensitive on its neighborhood and that (ii) at the interface to Fe, V gets almost as strongly polarized as Cr, whereas in the interior layers, the V sandwich remains non-polarized

Pest detected in packed food : ten years of analysis

More than one hundred food complaints, coming from food industries, food stores, and customers, were analyzed over a ten year period (2004-2013). In the samples of plant products and animal products, the most represented pests were insects and rodents, while in animal products, mites were also found. In plant products, pests of stored products represented the highest percentages in Coleoptera (62.1) and Lepidoptera (48.2), while Diptera were mainly crop pests or species of hygienic concern. In animal products, the highest number of complaints concerned milk and dairy products, and the contaminations were caused by insects, mites, and mice

Testing in the incremental design and development of complex products

Testing is an important aspect of design and development which consumes significant time and resource in many companies. However, it has received less research attention than many other activities in product development, and especially, very few publications report empirical studies of engineering testing. Such studies are needed to establish the importance of testing and inform the development of pragmatic support methods. This paper combines insights from literature study with findings from three empirical studies of testing. The case studies concern incrementally developed complex products in the automotive domain. A description of testing practice as observed in these studies is provided, confirming that testing activities are used for multiple purposes depending on the context, and are intertwined with design from start to finish of the development process, not done after it as many models depict. Descriptive process models are developed to indicate some of the key insights, and opportunities for further research are suggested

Obstructed surface states as the descriptor for predicting catalytic active sites in inorganic crystalline materials

The discovery of new catalysts that are efficient and sustainable is a major research endeavor for many industrial chemical processes. This requires an understanding and determination of the catalytic origins, which remains a challenge. Here, a novel method to identify the position of active sites based on searching for crystalline symmetry-protected obstructed atomic insulators (OAIs) that have metallic surface states is described. The obstructed Wannier charge centers (OWCCs) in OAIs are pinned by symmetries at some empty Wyckoff positions so that surfaces that accommodate these sites are guaranteed to have metallic obstructed surface states (OSSs). It is proposed and confirmed that the OSSs are the catalytic activity origins for crystalline materials. The theory on 2H-MoTe2, 1T′-MoTe2, and NiPS3 bulk single crystals is verified, whose active sites are consistent with the calculations. Most importantly, several high-efficiency catalysts are successfully identified just by considering the number of OWCCs and the symmetry. Using the real-space-invariant theory applied to a database of 34 013 topologically trivial insulators, 1788 unique OAIs are identified, of which 465 are potential high-performance catalysts. The new methodology will facilitate and accelerate the discovery of new catalysts for a wide range of heterogeneous redox reactions

Comparative high-pressure investigations of Ag2ZnSnS4 and Ag2CdSnS4 compounds

Quaternary kesterite-type (KS) compounds have attracted worldwide attention from the scientific community as promising materials for solar cells. On the route to optimizing their performance, the effect of stress and strain constitutes a critical factor when it comes to thin film applications. Following a recent theoretical study, we report here joint experimental and computational high-pressure investigations on the KS Ag2ZnSnS4 and wurtz–kesterite (WZ–KS)-type Ag2CdSnS4 compounds. Our results reveal that both materials undergo successive transformations, first into a GeSb-type and then toward a CrN-type modification at ambient temperature. Our theoretical calculations predict a metallic character for all Ag2ZnSnS4 and Ag2CdSnS4 high-pressure phases. In addition, structural disorder is observed in KS Ag2ZnSnS4 upon moderate compression, prior to its KS → GeSb-type transition. Decompression leads to the recovery of a disordered zinc blende-type structure in the latter, whereas Ag2CdSnS4 retains the disordered GeSb-type modification. The similarities and deviations from the archetypical KS Cu2ZnSnS4 are discussed